History of razia sultan in hindi
Her tolerance of Hinduism would later bring her criticism from Muslim historians. There is no record that she made any attempt to remain aloof from her subjects, rather it appears she preferred to mingle among them. Razia was reportedly devoted to the cause of her empire and to her subjects. On another occasion, Razia reportedly tried to appoint an Indian Muslim convert from Hinduism to an official position but again ran into opposition from the nobles. By way of response, Razia is said to have pointed out that the spirit of religion was more important than its parts, and that even the Islamic prophet Muhammad spoke against overburdening the non-Muslims. Bahram, for his part, would later be dethroned for incompetence.Īs sultan, Razia reportedly sought to abolish the tax on non-Muslims but met opposition from the nobility. After Altunia and Razia undertook to take back the sultanate from Bahram through battle, both Razia and her husband were killed on Octo(some sources say October 13). Meanwhile, Razia's brother, Muizuddin Bahram Shah, had usurped the throne. To escape death, Razia agreed to marry Altunia.
Eventually, a childhood friend named Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia, the governor of Bhatinda, joined a rebellion by other provincial governors who refused to accept Razia's authority.Ī battle between Razia and Altunia ensued, with the result that Yaqut was killed and Razia taken prisoner. In any case, before long she had aroused the jealousy of the Turkish nobility by the favoritism she displayed toward Yaqut, who was not a Turk, when she appointed him to be Superintendent of the Stables. According to some accounts, Razia and Yaqut were lovers other sources simply identify them as close confidants. At that point, Razia seemed destined to become one of the most powerful rulers of the Delhi Sultanate.īut Razia miscounted the consequences that a relationship with one of her advisers, Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut, an Abyssinian Habshi slave, would have for her reign. Her greatest accomplishment on the political front was to manipulate rebel factions into opposing each other. As Sultan, Razia preferred a man's tunic and headdress and contrary to custom, she would later show her face when she rode an elephant into battle at the head of her army.Ī shrewd politician, Razia managed to keep the nobles in check, while enlisting the support of the army and the populace. Even before she became Sultan, she was reportedly preoccupied with the affairs of state during her father's reign. As a child and adolescent, Razia had had little contact with the women of the harem, so she had not learnt the customary behavior of women in the Muslim society that she was born into. With reluctance, the nobility agreed to allow Razia to reign as Sultan of Delhi. On November 9, 1236, both Ruknuddin and his mother Shah Turkaan were assassinated after only six months in power.
With Iltutmish's widow Shah Turkaan for all practical purposes running the government, Ruknuddin abandoned himself to the pursuit of personal pleasure and debauchery, to the considerable outrage of the citizenry.
(According to one source, Iltumish's eldest son had initially been groomed as his successor, but had died prematurely.) But the Muslim nobility had no intention of acceding to Iltutmish's appointment of a woman as heir, and after the sultan died on April 29, 1236, Razia's brother, Ruknuddin Feroze Shah, was elevated to the throne instead. Iltutmish became the first sultan to appoint a woman as his successor when he designated his daughter Razia as his heir apparent. Razia succeeded her father Shams-ud-din Iltutmish to the Sultanate of Delhi in 1236.